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Researchers use stem cells to create living dental implants (1/23/2007)

Tags:
teeth, tissue engineering, pigs

Hybrid Living-fabricated Dental Implant

Right: Pig Lower Incisor, Left: Hybrid Living-fabricated Dental Implant

USC School of Dentistry researcher Songtao Shi, DDS, PhD, has regenerated tooth root and supporting periodontal ligaments to restore tooth function in 4-8 month-old pigs.

Dr. Shi's research goal is to create a dental implant that can be used in a patient who's jaw bone isn't structurally strong enough for supporting dental implants.

Dr. Shi, and his multi-national team, started by acquiring 18 wisdom teeth extracted from sixteen adults at the Dental Clinic of the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). His team then separated the root apical papilla from the surface of the root. Several stem and progenitor cells were discovered, and each where cultured to create quantities suitable for testing.

The stem cells were then tested to determine what type of tissues they could transform into. This process, called differentiation, led to the discovery that they could turn into cell types such as fat cells, ligaments, dentin and bone. The stem cells were tested both in the lab and in mice.

By determining which stem cells were capable of creating the root structures in humans, they then harvested the same cells in pigs. Pigs where used because of the close similarities between pig and human dental tissues.

After harvesting and culturing the pig's apical papilla stem cells, they then seeded a bio-degradable scaffold, in the shape of the tooth root to be replaced. The root was then implanted in the same fashion that a dental implant is inserted.

The root was then sealed under the gums and given 3 months to grow. While the root structure formed and took hold in the jaw, the bio-degradable scaffold was absorbed by the body, leaving only natural tooth root.

At the end of the 3 months the root was unsealed and a pre-fabricated porcelain crown resembling a pig incisor was inserted and cemented on top of it.

After 4 more weeks the newly implanted incisor was compression tested to determine if it was as strong as a real tooth. The tested showed that they were stronger that normal dental implants, but not quite as strong as a real tooth. Refinement of the process may yield better results as the technology progresses.

He hopes to conduct clinical trials within the next several years, great news for dental patients who are not candidates for dental implants or would prefer living tissue derived from their own teeth.

Because the regeneration of a tooth requires harvesting stem cells from living teeth, Dr. Shi believes that wisdom teeth may be "banked" for use in later life. He notes that their survival in freeze-thawing requires additional research.

Several companies, including BioEden Baby Teeth Cell Bank, in Austin, Texas claim that they can collection, process, and cryopreserve stem cells obtained from the baby teeth of young children.

Comments:

1. Betty

1/29/2007 10:09:42 PM MST

wish this was now


2. R. S

11/6/2008 1:54:05 AM MST

I'm a female, 52 years old and lost a big part of my back teeth including one in front of my mouth.
I'm using at the moment two partials, upper and lower ones, but they become loose every now and then.

I prefer to have an implant by using stem cell because my bone is not that good and I might have osteroporosis soon, there for I cannot use the normal implant. I need the stem cell one but I'm not sure whether there is a possibility these days to do that on humain been or it's still so early.

I should be grateful if you would let me know please whether I could have implant using stem cell or not. If yes, I'd like to know please if there any side effects of using it and how much the cost for each tooth.

Thank you so much in advance for your assistance in this matter and looking forward to hearing from you.

Best regards
R. Simpson


3. Jeanne Enos

2/3/2009 3:41:28 PM MST

I am also a 51 year old that would like to have stem cells implanted instead of the dental implants. Can you give me some direction, is this possible. I have to go for an extraction tomorrow and would like to know if I should save this tooth. You can call me as well as em. My Cell is 339-927-1759
Thank-you


4. S Lee

9/11/2009 10:02:21 PM MST

I am a 36 year old Asian female based in San Francisco and I just lost my #30 and #31 due to severe TMD. I am interested in participating in the clinical trials if you are looking for a volunteer.

Regards
Lee


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